Causes of Frozen Shoulder
The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not fully understood, but certain factors make individuals more susceptible to the condition.
A primary factor is injury or trauma to the shoulder, such as a fall, surgery, or prolonged immobilisation, which can trigger the condition. When the shoulder is not moved for an extended period, the joint capsule may stiffen, increasing the likelihood of adhesive capsulitis developing.
People with certain medical conditions are also at a higher risk. These include:
Diabetes: Research has shown that individuals with diabetes are more prone to developing frozen shoulders. The reasons are unclear but may be related to abnormal connective tissue changes due to blood sugar imbalances.
Thyroid disorders: Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can affect the health of connective tissues, contributing to a higher risk of frozen shoulder.
Cardiovascular diseases: Conditions affecting circulation may also predispose an individual to adhesive capsulitis.
Parkinson’s disease: Individuals with Parkinson’s disease or other neurological conditions may experience reduced mobility, leading to shoulder stiffness over time.
In addition, women between 40 and 60 are statistically more likely to develop frozen shoulder. Hormonal changes during this period may increase the risk.
Other common causes include physical inactivity due to illness or injury and poor posture, especially while sleeping or working. It is also common for a frozen shoulder to develop after shoulder surgery or a broken arm, which limits movement during recovery.
